Barley straw, dryland, Dawson {AU-QLD}| barley grain production | AusLCI, U

Unit process v00.00.000

This dataset represents the production of 1 kg of barley. The yield is 2327 t/ha. Documentation for this dataset can be found in the 'LCAgMetrics Methodology for developing Life Cycle Inventory' report, available at https://agrifutures.com.au/. (Hume, I., Renouf, M.A., Eady, S.J., Grant, T., 2025). It was developed as part of the LCAgMetrics project, a partnership between Agrifutures Australia and Lifecycles, funded by the Australian Government’s Sustainability Reporting Uplift Grant as part of the National Agriculture Traceability Grants Program. Production Volume: 16044 t/yr. Activities included: This activity starts after the harvest of the previous crop. Activities included are: the inputs of seeds, mineral fertilisers, pesticides and irrigation water, all machine operations and corresponding machine infrastructure and sheds. It is assumed that no organic fertilisers are applied. Machine operations are: soil cultivation, sowing, fertilisation, irrigation, weed control, pest and pathogen control, combine-harvest, and drying of grains. Direct field emissions are included. This activity ends after harvest and drying of grains at the farm gate. Energy values: 18.4MJ/kg (gross). Nutritional values: Protein: 12%. Carbohydrate: 61%. Fat: 2%. Geography: Dawson Callide, QLD, AU. Technology level: Represents current practices as per gross margins reports (AgMargins 2024 & SA Gross Margin Guide 2022). Time period: 2017-2021. Record: Data entry by: Isobel Hume; Tel: +61(0)3 9417 1190; E-mail: office@lifecycles.com.au; Company: Life Cycle Strategies; Country: AU Generator: Data entry by: Isobel Hume; Tel: +61(0)3 9417 1190; E-mail: office@lifecycles.com.au; Company: Life Cycle Strategies; Country: AU

Sector
Material
Contributor
—
Last updated
30 May 2025
Reference ID
9f8ebd66-e8e3-32c8-baed-e6ddaa047d28

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Documentation

Quantitative reference
Barley straw, dryland, Dawson {AU-QLD}| barley grain production | AusLCI, U
Sampling procedure
Secondray data compiled from publicly available resources. Validated by expert knowledge to represent typical representative practices and inputs.
Creation date
30 May 2025
Is copyright protected
No
Is infrastructure process
No
Tags
material
Sources
—

Product outputs

Flow AmountUnitComment
Barley straw, dryland, Dawson {AU-QLD}| barley grain production | AusLCI, U 115.4352208 kg Carbon content, fossil: 0.0 kg C/kg dry mass. Carbon content, non-fossil: 0.4 kg C/kg dry mass. Dry mass: 0.91 kg/kg wet mass. Wet mass: 1 kg/kg wet mass. Heating value, gross: 18.2 MJ/kg

Technical inputs

Flow AmountUnitComment
Barley straw, dryland, Dawson , biogenic C not balanced {AU-QLD}| barley grain production | AusLCI, U 115.4352208 kg —
Carbon correction factor {AU}| | AusLCI, U 38.60153783552 kg Atmospheric CO2 absorbed by the plant. Calculated.

Parameters

NameValueFormulaDescription
Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_straw 7.449419582293334 (Carbon_Grain+Carbon_Straw+Biogenic_carbon_Allocation_adjust_grain)*All_straw/100 [kg CO2] biogenic carbon exported in barley straw -
Carbon_not_burnt_in_burn_deg 4.469651749376004 Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_residue*(1-Burn_efficiency)*Fburnt*CC_residue*44/12 [kg CO2] Carbon emission from fraction of carbon not burnt in the burn kg CO2 -
Fresremaining 0.5 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction remaining at the time of burning for the AER - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
DM_residue 0.88 — (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [kg dry weight/kg residue] Dry matter content of barley residues - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Carbon_Grain 2926.3582186666667 Grain_DM*CC_crop*44/12 [kg CO2] Biogenic carbon absorbed by grain CO2 -
Fremoved 0.04 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction of the crop removed in the AER - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
P_Straw 20.0 — (4,1,1,2,1,na) -[AUD] Australian dollars per tonne -
All_Straw_Eco 0.2539164287792062 (m_straw*P_straw)/(P_Straw*m_straw+m_grain*P_Crop)*100 Economic allocation fraction for straw
OTHERDATA 1.0 — OTHER DATA - -
Carbon_Absorb_Crop 2926.3582186666667 (((Yield-seed_input)*DM_crop*CC_crop))*44/12 [kg CO2] Carbon dioxide absorbtion in grain net grain production (excluding seed input) kg -
Seed_input 60.0 — (3,3,2,3,2,na) - [kg/ha] of seed -
ED_Straw 17.3 — (1,1,3,3,2,na) -[MJ/kg DM ] energy density of barley straw - Feedipedia
Lime_purity 0.9 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) - fractional purity of limestone NIR 2023 (DCCEEW 2025).
Carbon_Residue_remaining 3352.2388120319997 Yield*Res_crop*((1-Fburnt-Fremoved))*DM_residue*CC_residue*44/12 [kg CO2] Carbon emission from residue remaining -
DM_crop 0.88 — (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [kg dry weight/kg crop] Dry matter content of barley crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Allocation 1.0 — Allocation switch, 1 = Economic alocation (default for AusLCI), 2 = Energy allocation, 3 = Mass allocation, -
Grain_DM 1995.24424 m_grain*DM_Crop kg DM of grain -
Biogenic_carbon_Allocation_adjust_straw 141.5389720635733 (Carbon_Straw-Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_straw) [kg CO2] kg carbon correction factor for the determning product (barley) straw -
Carbon_balance 98.47536734225197 Carbon_Absorb_Crop+Carbon_Absorb_Residue-Carbon_burning-Carbon_not_burnt_in_burn_deg-Carbon_deg_before_burn-Carbon_Residue_remaining-Carbon_Grain-Carbon_Straw-Carbon_monoxide_in_burn-Methane_in_burn Balance check of all biogenic carbons. -
CC_crop 0.4 — (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [KgC/kgDM] Carbon mass fraction in dry matter for barley crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Yield 2327.323 — (1,2,1,1,1,na) -[kg/ha] yield, calculated from five year average ('18 - '22) - Australian Bureau of Statistics 2017-2022
EFburn_CO2 — — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for CO2 - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
All_Mass 95.15539513021834 (grain_DM/(straw_DM+grain_DM))*100 Mass allocation fraction for the primary crop
EFburn_CH4 0.004 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for CH4 - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Carbon_Absorb_Residue 3724.7097911466662 (Yield*Res_crop*DM_residue*CC_residue)*44/12 [kg CO2] Carbon dioxide absorbtion in residue production -
Straw_DM 101.582994304 m_straw*DM_residue kg DM of straw -
NCbg_residue 0.01 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN/kgDM] Nitrogen content of below-ground barley crop residues - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
m_grain 2267.323 yield-Seed_input kg Grain - wet mass -
Carbon_monoxide_in_burn 8.367188074831871 Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_crop*Burn_efficiency*Fburnt*CC_residue*EFburn_CO*44/12 [kg CO2] Carbon monoxide as CO2 for balance purposes -
Res_crop 1.24 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kg crop residue/kg crop]] Residue/crop ratio for barley - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
NCag_residue 0.007 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN/kgDM] Nitrogen content of above-ground barley crop residue - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Carbon_Straw 148.98839164586664 Straw_DM*CC_residue*44/12 [kg CO2] Biogenic carbon absorbed by straw CO2 -
Methane_in_burn 0.4290865679400959 Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_crop*Burn_efficiency*Fburnt*CC_residue*EFburn_CH4*44/12 [kg CO2] Methane as CO2 for balance purposes -
All_Straw_Mass 4.8446048697816755 (straw_DM)/(straw_DM+grain_DM)*100 Mass allocation fraction for straw
CC_residue 0.4 — (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [KgC/kgDM] Carbon mass fraction in dry matter for barley straw - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Carbon_deg_before_burn 111.7412937344 Yield*Res_crop*Fburnt*(1-Fresremaining)*DM_residue*CC_residue*44/12 [kg CO2] Carbon emission from residue set to be burnt by degraded before burn -
All_Straw 0.2539164287792062 iff(Allocation=2; All_straw_EN; iff(Allocation =3; All_straw_Mass;All_straw_Eco)) Allocation to straw -
All_Eco 99.7460835712208 (m_grain*P_Crop)/(P_Straw*m_straw+m_grain*P_Crop)*100 Economic allocation fraction for the primary crop
All_En 95.43178764841988 (grain_DM*ED_Crop)/(straw_DM*ed_Straw+grain_DM*ED_Crop)*100 Allocation fraction for the primary crop based on energy content
Fburnt 0.06 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction of residues burnt for the AER - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
m_straw 115.4352208 yield*Res_crop*fremoved kg Straw - wet mass -
Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_grain 3067.5378000270453 (Carbon_Grain+Carbon_Straw)*All_Grain/100 [kg CO2] biogenic carbon exported in barley -
Carbon_burning — Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_residue*Fburnt*CC_residue*Burn_efficiency*EFburn_CO2*44/12 [kg CO2] Carbon emission from residue burnt -
All_Grain 99.7460835712208 iff(Allocation=2; All_EN; iff(Allocation =3; All_Mass;All_Eco)) Allocation to wheat -
Biogenic_carbon_Allocation_adjust_grain -141.53897206357314 (Carbon_Grain-Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_grain)/(All_Grain/100) [kg CO2] kg carbon correction factor for the determning product (barley) -
P_Crop 400.0 — (1,1,1,2,1,na) -[AUD] Australian dollars per tonne - CSIRO, 2025
Burn_efficiency 0.96 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Default burning efficiency for residue from crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
EFburn_CO 0.078 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for CO - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
ED_Crop 18.4 — (1,1,3,3,2,na) -[MJ/kg DM ] Energy density of barley crop - Feedipedia
All_Straw_En 4.568212351580123 (straw_DM*ed_straw)/(ed_Straw*straw_DM+grain_DM*ED_Crop)*100 Allocation fraction for straw based on energy content