Concrete 20 MPa 30% fly ash, at batching plant {AU}| | AusLCI, U
Unit process Australia v00.00.001
Included processes: Includes the complete manufacturing process to produce ready-mix concrete at plant (raw material provision, raw material mixing, transportation, energy and plant use). No administration is included. Wastewater and some solid wastes are considered. No dust is accounted for. Doesn't include transporting concrete to site. Remark: The amount of cement is adopted as per GBCA Geography: Concrete batching plants in Australia Technology: The concrete production is based on ready-mix concrete production in Australia Record: Data entry by: Bharat Sharma Telephone: +61 449 787 612; E-mail: brett@lifecycles.com.au; Company: Lifecycle Strategies; Country: AU Generator: Generator/publicator: Bharat Sharma Telephone: +61 449 787 612; E-mail: brett@lifecycles.com.au; Company: Lifecycle Strategies; Country: AU
- Sector
- Construction
- Contributor
- —
- Last updated
- 12 Oct 2026
- Reference ID
53167dca-7238-3751-af0b-30798fcd90af
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Documentation
- Quantitative reference
- Concrete 20 MPa 30% fly ash, at batching plant {AU}| | AusLCI, U
- Sampling procedure
- Average data for the Australian industry based on ecoinvent process
- Creation date
- 27 Mar 2015
- Is copyright protected
- No
- Is infrastructure process
- No
- Tags
- material
- Sources
-
Green Building Council Australia (2012)
Product outputs
| Flow | Amount | Unit | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Concrete 20 MPa 30% fly ash, at batching plant {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 1.0 | m3 | AUSTRALIA |
Technical inputs
| Flow | Amount | Unit | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Concrete mixing factory {GLO}| market for concrete mixing factory | Cut-off, U | 0.000000457 | Item(s) | (2,1,1,1,1,5); as ecoinvent process |
| Diesel, burned in building machine {GLO}| market for diesel, burned in building machine | Cut-off, U | 22.7 | MJ | (2,1,1,2,1,5); as ecoinvent process |
| Electricity, low voltage {AU}| market for electricity, low voltage | AusLCI, U | 4.36 | kWh | (2,1,1,1,1,5); as ecoinvent process |
| Fly ash, delivered to plant {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 109.9644 | kg | — |
| Gravel, crushed {RoW}| market for gravel, crushed | Cut-off, U | 1280.2556978755556 | kg | — |
| Ground granulated blast furnace slag, at cement plant {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 0.0 | kg | — |
| Heat, district or industrial, other than natural gas {RoW}| heat production, heavy fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW | Cut-off, U | 3.09 | MJ | (2,1,1,1,1,5); as ecoinvent process |
| Heat, district or industrial, other than natural gas {RoW}| heat production, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW | Cut-off, U | 13.3 | MJ | (2,1,1,1,1,5); as ecoinvent process |
| Lubricating oil {RoW}| market for lubricating oil | Cut-off, U | 0.0119 | kg | (2,1,1,2,1,5); as ecoinvent process |
| Melamine formaldehyde resin {RoW}| market for melamine formaldehyde resin | Cut-off, U | 0.0 | kg | — |
| Natural gas, burned in tangential fired boiler {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 1.16 | MJ | (2,1,1,2,1,5); as ecoinvent process |
| Ordinary portland cement, Australian average {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 197.37199999999999 | kg | — |
| Recycled aggregate, at plant {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 0.0 | kg | — |
| Sand {RoW}| market for sand | Cut-off, U | 662.8542814444443 | kg | — |
| Steel, low-alloyed {GLO}| market for steel, low-alloyed | Cut-off, U | 0.0238 | kg | (2,1,1,2,1,5); as ecoinvent process |
| Synthetic rubber {GLO}| market for synthetic rubber | Cut-off, U | 0.00713 | kg | (2,1,1,2,1,5); as ecoinvent process |
| Tap water, at user, Australia {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 147.521472 | kg | — |
| Transport, truck, 40t load {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 33.374713070727765 | t*km | — |
| Transport, truck, 40t load {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 42.294 | t*km | — |
| Transport, truck, 40t load {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 64.46087438803421 | t*km | — |
Outputs to treatment
| Flow | Amount | Unit | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Waste concrete {RoW}| treatment of waste concrete, inert material landfill | Cut-off, U | 16.9 | kg | (2,1,1,1,1,5); as ecoinvent process |
| Waste treatment, inert waste, at landfill {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 0.0951 | kg | (2,1,1,1,1,5); as ecoinvent process |
| Wastewater from concrete production {RoW}| market for wastewater from concrete production | Cut-off, U | 0.0143 | m3 | (2,1,1,1,1,5); as ecoinvent process |
Parameters
| Name | Value | Formula | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| sg_concrete | 2381.1820763607598 | m_concrete/1 | kg/m3; density of concrete |
| tkm_gravel | 64.46087438803421 | m_gravel*km_gravel/1000*(1+fr_waste) | t-km |
| km_gravel | 50.0 | — | from quarry to concrete batching plant |
| fr_slag | — | — | % of cementitious material |
| m_admix | — | (fr_admix*m_cementitious)*(1+fr_waste) | kg |
| m_concrete | 2381.1820763607598 | (m_cement+m_sand+m_gravel+m_flyash+m_slag+m_admix+m_water)*(1-fr_waste) | kg; mass of net concrete |
| fr_waste | 0.007 | — | fraction of waste generated at batching plant, as per ecoinvent |
| rep_rate | 1.3 | — | Replacement factor for slag and fly ash |
| m_flyash | 109.9644 | (fr_flyash*m_cementitious*rep_rate)*(1+fr_waste) | kg |
| tkm_sand | 33.374713070727765 | m_sand*km_sand/1000*(1+fr_waste) | t-km |
| fr_flyash | 0.3 | — | % of cementitious material |
| m_water | 147.521472 | (m_cement+m_slag+m_flyash)*wc_ratio | kg |
| wc_ratio | 0.48 | — | water reuirement is assumed to be 5% less with use of SCM |
| fr_sand | 0.35 | — | fraction of sand in total fine + coarse aggregate |
| km_cementitious | 150.0 | — | from cement plant to concrete batching plant |
| vol_admix | — | m_admix/sg_admix/1000 | cum |
| fr_admix | — | — | % of admixtures by mass of cementitious material |
| m_gravel | 1280.2556978755556 | (vol_aggre*fr_gravel*sg_gravel*1000) | kg |
| tkm_cementitious | 42.294 | m_cementitious*km_cementitious/1000*(1+fr_waste) | t-km |
| sg_sand | 2.5 | — | http://www.engineeringcivil.com/m-35-mix-designs-as-per-is-10262-2009.html |
| m_cement | 197.37199999999999 | m_cementitious*(1-(fr_slag+fr_flyash))*(1+fr_waste) | — |
| vol_cement | 0.06265777777777777 | m_cement/sg_cement/1000 | cum |
| sg_gravel | 2.6 | — | http://www.engineeringcivil.com/m-35-mix-designs-as-per-is-10262-2009.html |
| m_cementitious | 280.0 | — | as per GBCA |
| sg_admix | 1.06 | — | file:///C:/Users/Timothy/Downloads/MENT-ECO%203Re%20-%20665%20(2).pdf |
| sg_slag | 2.9 | — | http://www.slagcement.org/Sustainability/pdf/No2_Proportioning.pdf |
| sg_water | 1.0 | — | — |
| vol_water | 0.147521472 | m_water/sg_water/1000 | cum |
| vol_flyash | 0.039273 | m_flyash/sg_flyash/1000 | cum |
| RecAggFrac | — | — | Fraction of Aggregate which is from recycled sources. |
| vol_slag | — | m_slag/sg_slag/1000 | cum |
| sg_flyash | 2.8 | — | http://www.boralna.com/flyash/faq.asp |
| vol_aggre | 0.7575477502222221 | (1+fr_waste)-(vol_cement+vol_water+vol_admix+vol_flyash+vol_slag) | cum |
| fr_gravel | 0.65 | — | fraction of aggreagte in total fine + coarse aggregate |
| m_sand | 662.8542814444443 | (vol_aggre*fr_sand*sg_sand*1000) | kg |
| km_sand | 50.0 | — | from quarry to concrete batching plant |
| m_slag | — | (fr_slag*m_cementitious*rep_rate)*(1+fr_waste) | kg |
| sg_cement | 3.15 | — | http://www.engineeringcivil.com/theory/concrete-engineering/mix-design/page/3 |